A metabolic stimulant that enhances thyroid function, thermogenesis, CO2 production, and overall energy metabolism, especially when combined with sugar and minerals. By increasing dopamine availability, caffeine supports mood, focus, and endurance, while reducing fatigue and perceived effort.

Essential for converting sugar into usable energy, thiamine works alongside magnesium to support optimal glucose oxidation and mitochondrial function, especially in the brain, heart, and nervous system. A low-thiamine state is common and can quickly lead to increased lactic acid production, reduced ATP, and dopamine dysregulation, resulting in symptoms like poor exercise tolerance, low mood, and cognitive impairment.

A sulfur-containing amino acid that supports liver function, thyroid hormone conversion, bile acid production, and detoxification. It helps regulate blood pressure and cholesterol while protecting the heart, calming the nervous system, and preventing excitotoxicity through GABA modulation. Taurine maintains intracellular hydration and electrolyte balance without causing edema and supports nerve signalling and muscle function. Acting as an antioxidant, it also protects against oxidative stress and enhances mitochondrial function, contributing to its well known anti-aging properties.

Useful for lowering systemic inflammation and supporting exercise performance, sodium bicarbonate is a well-known PED that helps buffer excess lactic acid and improves CO₂ retention and oxygen uptake. Excess acidity causes cellular stress, and sodium bicarbonate helps neutralise it by maintaining optimal pH and reducing stress-induced acid load, thereby enhancing mitochondrial efficiency.

Magnesium is an essential cofactor in countless of enzymatic reactions, particularly those involved in ATP production. It supports mitochondrial function, hormone balance, and helps prevent excitotoxicity and inflammation. By calming excessive nerve and muscle activity, magnesium conserves energy and counteracts the effects of stress hormones such as cortisol and estrogen. Deficiency is common during periods of stress and can contribute to fatigue, muscle cramps, anxiety, and poor sleep. When bound to malate, magnesium becomes highly bioavailable, supporting cellular energy production, improving exercise performance and recovery, and remaining gentle on digestion.

Crucial for nerve firing, muscle contraction, and blood volume regulation, salt supports adrenal health by lowering stress hormones like adrenaline, while enhancing glucose and mineral uptake, thereby improving cellular hydration, especially when combined with potassium and sugar.

A key intracellular electrolyte, potassium promotes cellular hydration, insulin sensitivity, and cellular coherence. By opposing the effects of aldosterone and cortisol, it helps support a calm, energised state. Potassium lowers blood pressure, protects against edema, and enhances glucose uptake and utilisation. Working synergistically with sodium and magnesium, it supports nerve conduction and helps prevent fatigue and irritability.

Not just for fuel, cane sugar, also known as sucrose (a disaccharide of glucose and fructose) supports liver glycogen storage and protects against hypoglycaemia and stress. In small doses, sucrose stabilises blood sugar and promotes thyroid hormone activation in the liver. Essential for maintaining a high metabolic rate and reducing the stress response, especially when combined with minerals like salt. Fructose enhances glucose oxidation and increases CO₂ production, reducing lactic acid buildup and sparing the need for cortisol. Glucose plays an important role in the transportation and retention of minerals within cells, a key concept many "sugar free" hydration formulas over look.

Sourced from real lemon and lime juice, this ingredient provides naturally occurring citrus compounds, vitamin C, and additional sugars, replacing the synthetically derived “natural flavours,” artificial sweeteners, and black mold–derived citric acid commonly found in other hydration formulas. The result is a mild, versatile fruit flavour that complements the salty taste of minerals and works well both on its own and when combined with other fruit juices.